Education
1. Education Mission StatementBack to top
To provide all members of the sporting community with the opportunity to develop the necessary knowledge, skills and attitude to promote and protect Bermuda’s integrity.
Overview:
Education encompasses awareness, information services, resources (athlete leaflets) and education workshops. Elite, National and Domestic athletes must be informed of the requirements so that they can understand and comply with the Rules. The education programme conducted by BSADA is focused on ensuring that all athletes and support staff have a clear understanding of their rights and responsibilities.
Through an array of programmes and initiatives, the education team delivers, informs and promotes values based programme incorporating Character Counts; 100% Me (UKAD). From supporting teams heading to a major festival such as the Olympics, to a team of Under 13 rugby or cricket, to helping athletes submit and manage whereabouts, to educating athletes on the Prohibited List and the health risks associated with using supplements and banned items on the Prohibited List to the how to identify a need for a TUE. We work to nurture and influence athletes to achieve a complete understanding of the strict liability imposed on them.
Communication and working with key support personnel such as NSGB’s management and coaches, medical professionals, and school PhysEd and Health teachers ensures success as we all work together to see our athletes achieve greater results through hard work, proper nutrition and sound decisions. We use a number of WADA tool kits to deliver services to this target audience.
Nurturing:
The Bermuda sports community must achieve greater pride in achieving a clean image and BSADA seeks to instill this culture at all levels of sport. Several initiatives will be created that are aimed at building a community of clean athletes who feel supported and encouraged to compete to the best of their ability and to act as promoters of the future of Bermuda’s participation in worldwide sport.
Education and awareness initiatives are provided for:
Individuals – athletes, support personnel, parents, students, educators, general community
Groups – sporting groups, clubs and teams, schools, community groups and associations
Organisations – NSGB’s; Games Associations; Olympic & Paralympic participants
Preventing doping in sport involves raising awareness of the pertinent issues and concerns, disseminating relevant and accurate information, and positively influencing beliefs, attitudes and behaviors. Ideally a reliable doping control process would be in place to deter and detect the use of prohibited substances and methods. To effectively address these various dimensions, an informational and education programme must be a continuous process guided by both long-term strategy plans and annual activity planning.
Education is one of the most important factors to achieving successful outcomes. This involves raising awareness of the pertinent issues and concerns, disseminating relevant and accurate information, and positively influencing beliefs, attitudes and behaviours. Ideally a reliable doping control process is in place to deter and detect the use of prohibited substances and methods. To effectively address these various dimensions, an information and education programme must be a continuous process guided by both long-term strategy plans and annual activity planning
The above represents the broad parameters of our Education Programme that we hope will advise, inform and translate into actions and behaviors that will herald the benefits of clean sport, but more importantly will convey the message that doping is cheating and contrary to the spirit of sport. Bermuda like many countries around the world is committed to ensure that our athletes compete in the spirit which is intended by the privilege provided by the sport experience, and will do our part to ensure that our athletes, officials and the community are informed about the substances that are banned from sport and those behaviors and practices that will bring dishonor to the athlete, their NSGB’s, their families and of course to Bermuda.
Delivery Model:
We have many tools and resources available to us and In our effort to ensure quality delivery of all our programmes, BSADA has a three prong approach to education and awareness service delivery.
Design and delivery - based on the request, we ensure that the delivery of information is exactly as required and meets the needs of the target audience. This includes hand outs, videos, presentation content etc.
Evaluation and reporting – We use pre and post data collections as well as surveys and workshop evaluations to determine whether or not we met the needs of the target audience. This provides us with a fair snapshot of how well the education session has prepared learners for anti doping and provided them with the tools to make good decisions.
Analyse - Using a Performance Quality Improvement approach, we can identify the strengths and shortfalls of of education and makes recommendations for improvement.
2. BSADA Education Service GridBack to top
Bermuda Sports Anti Doping Authority Education Service Grid
| BSADA DOMESTIC LEVEL EDUCATION | BSADA INTERNATIONAL LEVEL EDUCATION | BSADA ELITE LEVEL EDUCATION |
Athletes:
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Athletes:
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Athletes:
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Coaches and Athlete Support Personnel:
| Coaches and Athlete Support Personnel:
| Coaches and Athlete Support Personnel:
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National Federation
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Schools:
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Schools:
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Schools:
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Community Partnership:
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Public Awareness:
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Public Awareness:
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Public Awareness:
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Athlete Resource Centre
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Athlete Resource Centre
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Athlete Resource Centre
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BSADA Website – www.bsada.org
Please note that we are currently upgrading our website |
BSADA Website – www.bsada.org
Please note that we are currently upgrading our website. |
BSADA Website – www.bsada.org
Please note that we are currently upgrading our website |
3. Health Consequences of DopingBack to top
Health Consequences of Doping
It is very difficult to determine the exact side effects that a substance or a method or combination thereof may have on an athlete who is doping.This is partly because:
- the relevant studies cannot be conducted on individuals without a therapeutic reason to do so;
- the substances or methods used by doping athletes are usually developed for patients with well-defined disease conditions and are not intended for use by healthy people;
- volunteers in a therapeutic study are unlikely to be subjected to the same conditions of administration and dosage of a substance and/or method as those of an athlete who is doping;
- athletes who use prohibited substances often take them in significantly larger doses, and more frequently, than these substances would be prescribed for therapeutic purposes, and often use them in combination with other substances;
- and substances that are sold to athletes as performance enhancers are often manufactured illegally and may therefore contain impurities or additives, which can cause serious health problems or may even be fatal.
Because the many combinations and/or doses of performance enhancing substances used by doping athletes have never undergone official trials, for an athlete to acquiesce to doping is to accept being a guinea pig and to risk adverse effects of unknown nature and unknown gravity. The adverse effects outlined in this document are likely to be the very least of those that may be expected.The actual adverse effects and side effects of using large doses and drugs in combination with others are likely to be much more severe and serious.Using combinations of several drugs means not simply adding but compounding the risks.
Since hormones play multiple roles in the human organism’s regulatory functions, the non-therapeutic use of any type of hormone risks creating an imbalance that affects several functions, and not only the function that is usually directly concerned by the given hormone.
Additional health risks are present when the use of substances or methods involves injections.Non-sterile injection techniques, including sharing possibly contaminated needles can increase the risk of transmission of infectious diseases such as hepatitis and HIV/AIDS.
Finally, use of any substance may also lead to addiction, whether psychological or physiological.
For more information on the below substances, please click the substance title.
Agents with Anti-Oestrogenic Activity
| Side effects of the use of compounds with anti-oestrogenic activity include: | |
| hot flushes | osteoporosis |
| weight gain | eye disorders |
| fluid retention | liver toxicity |
| cardiovascular disorders such as thrombosis (blood clots), hyperlipidemia (excess fat in the blood) | |
Alcohol
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Alcohol can increase self confidence, which may result in the person taking risks that he/she would not normally take.This could place both the subject and other persons around him/her at risk. Furthermore, continued alcohol consumption can lead to: |
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| vomiting | incontinence |
| slurred speech | sleepiness |
| double vision | shallow breathing |
| memory and comprehension loss | sexual disorders |
| liver damage | addiction |
| impaired judgement, co-ordination and reactions | |
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids
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The use of anabolic androgenic steroids can have serious effects on a person’s health.The list of potential side effects is long and varied. Many of the reported side effects are reversible if the person stops using anabolic steroids; however, those indicated by an asterisk (*) in the table below may be permanent depending on dosage or duration of use.
Anabolic steroids mimic naturally occurring hormones; they can therefore interfere with normal hormone function. They may result in harmful side effects such as: |
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| increased risk of liver disease | high blood pressure | increased risk of cardiovascular disease |
| psychological dependence | increased risk of contracting infectious diseases such as hepatitis and HIV/AIDS | |
| Also In Males: | Also In Females: | Also In Adolescents: |
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acne
shrinking of the testicles*
reduced sperm production* impotence* infertility enlarged prostate gland breast enlargement premature baldness potential kidney and liver dysfunction* increased aggression and mood swings libido disorders |
acne
development of male features
deepening of the voice*
excessive hair growth on the face and body* abnormal menstrual cycles enlarged clitoris* increased aggression and mood swings foetal damage alteration of libido |
severe acne on the face and body premature puberty stunted growth as a result of premature closure of the growth plates of the bones |
Artificial Oxygen Carriers
| The harmful side effects of artificial oxygen carriers can be extremely serious, particularly as it is difficult to measure correct doses of these chemicals. | |
| Side effects of perfluorocarbons include: | |
| a transient fever | irritability |
| reduction in platelet count | diarrhoea |
| blood infection (if preparations are impure) | stroke |
| potential overloading of the white blood cells | embolism (blocked blood vessel). |
| Possible side effects of haemoglobin based oxygen carriers include: | |
| high blood pressure | kidney damage |
| vasoconstriction (constriction of the blood vessels) | iron overload |
Beta Blockers
| Side effects of using beta blockers include: | |
| lowered blood pressure and slow heart rate | spasm of the airways |
| sleep disorders | -heart failure |
| sexual dysfunction | depression |
| feelings of tiredness and decreased performance capacity in endurance activities | constriction of blood vessels in the arms and legs |
Beta2 Agonists
| Possible side effects of beta2 agonists include: | |
| palpitations | muscle cramps |
| headaches | dizziness |
| nausea | mood disorders |
| sweating | |
Blood Doping
| Blood doping carries dangerous health risks including: | |
| jaundice | blood clots, stroke or heart failure |
| circulatory overload | metabolic shock |
| increased risk of contracting infectious diseases such as hepatitis and HIV/AIDS | allergic reactions (ranging from rash or fever to kidney damage) if wrong blood type is used |
| septicaemia (blood poisoning) |
Cannabinoids
| Effects of cannabinoids may include: | Long-term marijuana use may result in: |
| state similar to drunkenness; loss of perception of time and space; drowsiness and hallucinations; reduced vigilance; balance and co-ordination; reduced ability to perform complex tasks ;loss of concentration; increased heart rate; increased appetite; mood instability – rapid changes from euphoria to depression | loss of attention and motivation; impaired memory and learning abilities; weakening of the immune system; respiratory diseases such as lung and throat cancer and chronic bronchitis psychological dependence |
Corticotrophins
| The short-term side effects of ACTH use include: | |
| stomach irritation | irritability |
| ulcers | infections |
| Other side effects may include: | |
| softening of the connective tissue | osteoporosis |
| high blood sugar (hyperglycaemia) | cataracts |
| reduced resistance to infections | water retention |
| weakening of an injured area in muscles, bones, tendons or ligaments | |
Diuretics
| Some of the side effects of the use of diuretics include: | |
| dizziness or even fainting | loss of co-ordination and balance |
| dehydration | confusion, mental changes or moodiness |
| muscle cramps | cardiac disorders |
| drop in blood pressure | |
Erythropoietin (EPO)
| There are some serious health risks associated with use of EPO such as: |
| thickened blood |
| increased risk of blood clots, stroke and heart attacks |
| increased risk of contracting infectious diseases such as hepatitis and HIV/AIDS |
| risk of developing, as an autoimmune reaction, EPO antibodies that can definitively destroy the EPO that is produced naturally by the body |
Gene Doping
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Since most gene transfer technologies are still in experimental phases, the long-term effects of altering the body’s genetic material are unknown, although several deaths have already occurred during experimentation. Some of the potential side effects of gene doping are: |
| cancer development |
| metabolic deregulations |
| allergy |
Glucocorticosteroids
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When administered into the blood stream, glucocorticosteroids have numerous side effects, involving different body systems. Possible side effects of large doses of glucocorticosteroids include: |
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| fluid retention | loss of muscle mass |
| increased susceptibility to infection | heartburn, regurgitation and gastric ulcers |
| osteoporosis (abnormal loss of bone tissue resulting in fragile porous bones) | softening of connective tissue (such as tendons and ligaments) |
| weakening of injured areas in muscle, bone, tendon or ligament | alteration to the walls of blood vessels, which could result in formation of blood clots |
| disorders of the nervous system, such as convulsions and muscle cramps | psychiatric disorders, such as changes in mood and insomnia |
| decrease in or cessation of growth in young people | |
Gonadotrophins
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As hCG stimulates the production of testosterone, the side effects can be similar to those experienced from anabolic steroid use. Other side effects of gonadotrophins use include: |
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| bone and joint pain | gastrointestinal problems |
| hot flushes | irregular heart beats |
| decrease in libido | shortness of breath |
| impotence | loss of appetite |
| allergic reactions and rash | depression |
| nausea, dizziness | tiredness |
| headaches | rapid increase in height |
| irritability | |
Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor
| There are dangerous side-effects related to the use of these substances including: | |
| tremors, sweat, anxiety | muscle, joint and bone pain |
| worsening of cardiovascular diseases | hypertension |
| increasing development of tumors | fluid retention |
| cardiomegaly (abnormal enlargement of the heart) | diabetes in individuals who may already be prone to the disease |
| accelerated osteoarthritis (chronic breakdown of cartilage in the joints) | gigantism in young people (excessive growth of the skeleton) |
| acromegaly in adults (distorted growth of internal organs, bones and facial features and the enlargement and thickening of fingers, toes, ears and skin) | |
Insulin
| The side effects of insulin use for non-medical purposes are severe and include low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia), which in turn may cause:: | |
| shaking | drowsiness |
| nausea | pancreas disease |
| weakness | coma |
| shortness of breath | brain damage and death |
Narcotics
| The use of narcotics to reduce or eliminate pain can be dangerous as the substance is merely hiding the pain.With the false sense of security caused by narcotics, the user may ignore a potentially serious injury, and continue activity, risking further damage or causing permanent damage.Apart from the risk of further or permanent damage, narcotics can have other dangerous side effects such as: | |
| slowed breathing rate | euphoria |
| decreased heart rate | nausea and vomiting |
| sleepiness | constipation |
| loss of balance, co-ordination and concentration | physical and psychological dependence, leading to addiction |
| suppression of the respiratory system and death | |
Stimulants
| The use of certain stimulants can cause serious cardiovascular and psychological problems, as well as various other side effects, such as: | |
| overheating of the body | visual disorders |
| dry mouth | problems with co-ordination and balance |
| increased and irregular heart rate | anxiety and aggression |
| increased blood pressure | insomnia |
| dehydration | weight loss |
| increased risk of stroke, cardiac arrhythmia and heart attack | tremors (involuntary trembling or shaking) |
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Stimulant use can also result in dependence and addiction. |
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4. INADO Urges Action to Protect Clean Sport - Independent Commission Report- RussiaBack to top
Click here to read iNADO_Urges_Action_to_Protect_Clean_Sport_(Media_Release)1.pdf
